Research and Studies
The
amino acid glutamine appears to play a role in several aspects of human physiology
that might benefit athletes, including their muscle function and immune
system. Antonio J, Street C. Glutamine: a potentially useful supplement
for athletes. Can J Appl Physiol 1999;24:1–14 [review].
Intense
exercise lowers blood levels of glutamine, which can remain persistently
low with overtraining. Rowbottom DG, Keast D, Morton AR. The emerging role
of glutamine as an indicator of exercise stress and overtraining. Sports Med
1996;21:80–97 [review].
During
exercise or other times of metabolic stress (e.g. fasting, severe injury, illness,
etc.), the demand for plasma glutamine markedly increases. For instance,
various cells of the immune system such as the lymphocytes and macrophages depend
on glutamine as a primary fuel source, and thus the demand for glutamine
increases when an immunological response is mounted . Castell LM,
Poortmans JR, Newsholme EA. Does glutamine have a role in reducing infections
in athletes? Eur J Appl Physiol. 1996;73:488-90.
The
past decade has seen a number of advances in brain research—perhaps none
more relevant and important than the confirmation that protein may be an
essential key to maintaining brain function. In two reports—the
first from the University of California, Davis, and the second from
the University of Paris—researchers confirmed that optimal amino
acid levels (the building blocks of protein) play a key role in maintaining
brain health (Gietzen 1993; Tapiero 2002).
University of Paris researchers looked at the amino acid L-glutamine and reported
their results in the journal Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. They found that
L-glutamine seems to contribute to learning and memory by strengthening
synapses (the connections between the nerves) in the brain. Indeed, they said
L-glutamine has a “high priority” in brain health, “clearly
playing an important role” (Tapiero 2002). If deficiencies in this amino
acid occur, difficulties in nerve transmission can result.
A
2001 Norwegian report that appeared in Progressive Neurobiology suggested
that a by-product of L-glutamine metabolism is directly involved in the basic
functioning of synapses and receptors in the brain and is modulated by sets
of transporters that dispatch these signals. “Glutamine transporters
are somehow involved in almost all aspects of normal brain activity,”
the researcher asserted (Danbolt 2001.The
second study, performed by a group of researchers in Wisconsin and published
in Neurology, supports the essential benefits of L-glutamine. These researchers
examined 18 deteriorating brains and noted a marked deficiency in glutamine
levels as compared with 12 control brains in which this deficiency was not present
(Antuono 2001).
Brain Tonic's all natural ingredients contribute to a better quality of life.
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